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Do the first two years of life really determine a childâs future development? Are human beings, like other primates, only motivated by pleasure? And do people actually have stable traits, like intelligence, fear, anxiety, and temperament? This book, the product of a lifetime of research by one of the founders of developmental psychology, takes on the powerful assumptions behind these questionsâand proves them mistaken. Ranging with impressive ease from cultural history to philosophy to psychological research literature, Jerome Kagan weaves an argument that will rock the social sciences and the foundations of public policy.
Scientists, as well as lay people, tend to think of abstract processesâlike intelligence or fearâas measurable entities, of which someone might have more or less. This approach, in Kaganâs analysis, shows a blindness to the power of context and to the great variability within any individual subject to different emotions and circumstances. âInfant determinismâ is another widespread and dearly held conviction that Kagan contests. This theoryâwith its claim that early relationships determine lifelong patternsâunderestimates human resiliency and adaptiveness, both emotional and cognitive (and, of course, fails to account for the happy products of miserable childhoods and vice versa). The last of Kaganâs targets is the vastly overrated pleasure principle, which, he argues, can hardly make sense of unselfish behavior impelled by the desire for virtue and self-respectâthe wish to do the right thing.
Written in a lively style that uses fables and fairy tales, history and science to make philosophical points, this book challenges some of our most cherished notions about human nature.
Scientists, as well as lay people, tend to think of abstract processesâlike intelligence or fearâas measurable entities, of which someone might have more or less. This approach, in Kaganâs analysis, shows a blindness to the power of context and to the great variability within any individual subject to different emotions and circumstances. âInfant determinismâ is another widespread and dearly held conviction that Kagan contests. This theoryâwith its claim that early relationships determine lifelong patternsâunderestimates human resiliency and adaptiveness, both emotional and cognitive (and, of course, fails to account for the happy products of miserable childhoods and vice versa). The last of Kaganâs targets is the vastly overrated pleasure principle, which, he argues, can hardly make sense of unselfish behavior impelled by the desire for virtue and self-respectâthe wish to do the right thing.
Written in a lively style that uses fables and fairy tales, history and science to make philosophical points, this book challenges some of our most cherished notions about human nature.
Do the first two years of life really determine a childâs future development? Are human beings, like other primates, only motivated by pleasure? And do people actually have stable traits, like intelligence, fear, anxiety, and temperament? This book, the product of a lifetime of research by one of...
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Jerome Kagan was Daniel and Amy Starch Research Professor of Psychology Emeritus at Harvard University.
Jerome Kagan was Daniel and Amy Starch Research Professor of Psychology Emeritus at Harvard University.
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